Alternatives to incarceration programs encompass a broad range of opportunities to make connections to services for individuals with substance use and misuse and co-occurring disorders in lieu of jail and prison. These programs encourage accountability and, in the context of substance use disorders, address the underlying substance use and misuse and/or co-occurring mental disorders that result in criminal behavior, instead of relying on prosecution and incarceration. This may include embedding social workers in prosecutor, defense or legal aid offices, diversion programs, and court navigators.