Research and evaluation documenting the impact and outcomes of new and innovative strategies and programming are essential to advancing the public safety and public health fields’ response and providing policymakers with evidence to make informed decisions. The complexity of illicit substance use and misuse requires research on a broad spectrum of topics, including misuse and addiction prevention, overdose prevention and recovery, efficacy of treatment interventions, identification of individual and community-level risk and protective factors, effective data sharing/monitoring programs, and training and education activities. Research findings should be disseminated in a variety of formats to ensure that results are accessible to a wide range of audiences.