About 1 in 48 adult U.S. residents (2 percent) was under some form of correctional supervision at the end of 2022. More than two-thirds of persons under correctional supervision were supervised in the community on probation or parole, while almost one-third were incarcerated in state or federal prisons or local jails. Our nation’s corrections and community corrections system play a critical role in identifying and treating individuals with substance use disorders and co-occurring disorders. Implementing effective withdrawal management protocols; connecting individuals to medication-assisted treatment and other evidence-based treatments in custody and within the community; providing critical recovery supports, including peer recovery support, housing, and transportation; and building strong partnerships among treatment providers, public health, jails, prisons, and probation and parole reduce recidivism, save lives, and restore families.